Determining the concentration of Vinegar Free Essays

1. Spot an electronic scale on a level surface and put a 50g load on the scale and align 2. Measure the heaviness of funnel shaped cup 3. We will compose a custom exposition test on Deciding the grouping of Vinegar or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Precisely measure a mass of KH(C8H4O4) close to 5g, setting it in a 250ml tapered jar 4. Record the perusing from the scale, deduct the heaviness of funnel shaped carafe estimated in sync 2 5. Break up KH(C8H4O4) in a cone shaped flagon with least volume of refined water 6. Move the arrangement from the funnel shaped cup into Standard Solution 1. Utilize an electronic equalization equivalent to three decimal spots to precisely weigh out in a 250ml measuring glass a mass of KH(C8H4O4) around equivalent to 5. 005g. Record this mass. 2. Break down the KH(C8H4O4) in a base volume of refined water in a container. 3. Subsequent to washing the 250ml volumetric flagon with refined water, flush with more refined water. 4. Move the arrangement from the measuring glass to a volumetric cup utilizing a pipe. 5. Wash all hints of the arrangement from the measuring glass and channel by flushing the recepticle and pipe altogether with refined water from a wash bottle into the volumetric flagon. 6. Twirl the arrangement in the volumetric jar however don't upset. 7. Include more refined water until the base of the meniscus is lined up with the adjustment mark. To guarantee exactness utilize a nipple pipette to include the last hardly any milliliters of refined water. 8. Plug the flagon and rearrange a few times to blend the substance and along these lines guarantee the arrangement is of uniform focus all through. Normalization of Sodium Hydroxide 1. Set up the burette and load up with the sodium hydroxide answer for 50ml. 2. Pipette the KH(C8H4O4) arrangement into a cone shaped flagon. Utilize three drops of phenolphthalein as the marker. 3. Titrate cautiously until a shading change from drab to pink is watched. 4. Play out an unpleasant titration first, at that point rehash until 3 concordant titres are acquired. Step by step instructions to refer to Determining the grouping of Vinegar, Papers

Education is a significant tool Essay

Rodriguez and Freire could share a concession to the way that training is a noteworthy apparatus on the way prompting achievement. Freire would differ with Rodriguez on the way that there is no â€Å"end of education†. Richard Rodriguez and Paolo Freire compose of instruction as the center factor in one’s life. 2,000,000 Minutes, the film makes the contention that U.S. understudies are performing at an unremarkable level, best case scenario, in math and science, and this can't stand, given the becoming monetary and instructive may of countries like China and India. U.S. student’s aren’t being pushed hard enough and are simply getting by through secondary school, with the assistance of The Banking Concept of Education and The Achievement of Desire we can roll out an improvement in the student’s instruction and perspectives towards needing to be fruitful throughout everyday life. Through Freire’s perspective, Richard Rodriguez would be viewed as a financial understudy, however could later be viewed as an issue presenting understudy over an incredible span; according to Freire, Rodriguez was viewed as a container which he didn't comprehend the information he consumed. With this examination, the peruser can infer that the financial training is an extraordinary piece of a student’s life; as found in the narrative, 2 Million Minutes, understudies utilize all their time they have in secondary school, considering, retaining their school educational program so as to get an incredible instruction at an elevated level college to turn out to be extremely effective in their lives. This all ties into how the political part of the study hall affects the general public all in all and having this force can change ages to come. The kinds of connections Rodriguez had with his instructors, family and in life was influenced by explicit styles of training and as he glanced through Freire’s focal point of the financial idea, he came to understood that that strategy for instruction detrimentally affected his life. At an opportune time in Rodriguez’s paper he shows the qualities of a machine which affirmed Freire’s sees in regards to the financial idea. In spite of his meaning of a â€Å"scholarship boy†, Rodriguez needed self-assurance which drove him to be overwhelmed by his educators and his books. Through Freire’s perspective, Rodriguez would be viewed as a waste bushel. He was filled with hisâ teacher’s information, yet in addition with data acquired from his â€Å"important† books. Rodriguez is by all accounts an exemplary understudy of Freire’s banking framework. Rodriguez gives indications of escaping ceaselessly from the methods of the financial idea at an opportune time. He yields by saying, â€Å"I turned into the prized understudy restless and anxious to learn. â€Å"Too enthusiastic, too on edge an imitative and predictable pupil.† At the time Rodriguez was essentially simply engrossing the described data that he got from his educators and books. Despite the fact that he had the option to portray the data he got, he didn't genuinely have a clue or comprehend the information he ingested. Rodriguez and Freire both express that instruction is essential for progress. Freire states that, â€Å"Projecting a flat out obliviousness onto others, an attribute of the philosophy of persecution, refutes training and information as procedures of inquiry† (Freire 3).Rodriguez didn't address or break down the data; he just acknowledged and saved the information with no questions. By figuring out how to utilize his instruction astutely an d make associations between various writings, he uplifted his insight. In 2 Million Minutes the included American understudies Neil and Brittany are surely astute, yet they appear to be more worried about extracurricular exercises and companions than with their investigations. Indian understudies Rohit and Apoorva, in any case, and Chinese understudies Xiaoyuan and Ruizhang all arrangement vocations in math or science, and their families and schools bolster these objectives. The film joins these students’ depictions of their secondary school encounters and future yearnings with the expectations of their folks, and movie producers compare scenes from the various homes and schools. As it states â€Å"knowledge is a blessing offered by the individuals who see themselves as proficient upon those whom they consider to know nothing.†(pg.1) Freire is expressing that the understudies know nothing and that the activity of the educator is to fill the â€Å"piggy bank† of the students’ minds with coins of information. In the event that we simply give the understudies what they need and don’t permit them to connect in those days they aren’t truly picking up anything. The two of them ought to have the option to express their feelings, have discussions in which the two understudies and instructors take an interest, and the understudies ought to have the chance to lead conversations. Along these lines understudies build up a relationship with their instructors, their companions, and the world. This will empower them to get training where the educators don't persecute the understudies, and there is a persuasive connection between the two;â showing that they give it a second thought and truly need to be educated and gain some new useful knowledge. Despite the fact that Freire and Rodriguez have various sentiments, the two of them concur that instruction is the overwhelming occasion in the molding of a grown-up life. Paulo Freire and Richard Rodriguez assessments of instruction are totally restricted, yet they arrive at a finish of understanding in that the essential instructive objective is to frame a relationship with oneself, and with the world. Rodriguez spent numerous long stretches of instruction satisfying the â€Å"banking† idea, and despite the fact that he later perceives the misfortune it involved, he fundamentally accepts that impersonation assumes a significant job during the time spent training for one should do this to succeed. Here, Freire would contend that the instructive framework is right now harsh towards the understudies, and that there is a feeling of necrophilia behind everything, that being the affection for death. This adoration for death, he clarifies, is the procedure of showing dependent on memory. Rodriguez would negate this clarification of training, handing-off that â€Å"banking† assumes a huge job in the accomplishment of the understudy. Freire and Rodriguez have restricting perspectives on the thoughts of impersonation, distance, and force, Freire accepting these ideas should be evacuated or transformed and Rodriguez accepting that they are significant viewpoints for scholarly ac hievement. Freire’s see on Rodriguez is that he really didn’t comprehend what he was being instructed, and that’s where The Banking Concept of Education comes in which Rodriguez isn’t speaking with his educators he’s simply tuning in to what he’s being instructed. Paulo Freire and Richard Rodriguez have opposing perspectives concerning instruction. Paulo Freire talks about the negativities of present training and clarifies how it ought to be changed, while Rodriguez represents his own life in instruction, and how it drove him to be the individual he is today. Freire has confidence in â€Å"problem presenting education† which comprises of an alive, unique change in understudies, permitting them to become adapted with a relationship with the world. 2 Million Minutes it expressed that U.S. understudies aren’t engaged and resolved to do well in school like those in different nations like India and china. In correlation between the United States with China and India, there is a positive distinction between the troubles of the educational program inside the instructive framework. Despite the fact that we would accept that the instructive framework in U.S. is the finished and the absolute best one on the planet; the measure of the educational plan substance understudies learn are in reality much not as much as understudies in China and India. Freire would contend that if Rodriguez was taught under the strategy for issue presenting he would have grasped his home life and would have created as a person. At long last Rodriguez had adjusted his life and reconnected with his family. Instruction at long last aided Rodriguez understand that different components of his life are significant. Both Freire and Rodriguez accept that an individual can't be without training.

Magical Attic Looner Bunny Slam Dunk Coloring Page

Magical Attic Looner Bunny Slam Dunk Coloring Page An action-packed coloring page the supports shape recognition Help children develop fine-motor skills and shape recognition with this Magical Attic coloring page featuring a Looner Bunny jam session! This printable features basic shapes (square, rectangle, circle) and fine-detail images to build skills and creativity. BCP Imagines BCP Imagines BCP Imagines designs and develops unique multimedia that brings children and their families creative, fun, shared experiences. Our award-winning cross-platform content encourages creative learning, expression and play while helping kids of ALL ages open their imaginations and look at their world in a new way. BCP Imagines' multi-award winning series Drawing with Mark brings the joy of learning to draw to all ages. The Magical Attic?, where anything is possible,? was created to help foster imagination and creative play while encouraging positive attitudes emphasizing the important lessons of kindness, friendship and helping others. Visit the Magical Attic store or purchase the Drawing with Mark collection!

Do We Control The Media Control Us - 889 Words

Akossiwa Togbe Dr. Laura Long English 111 27 August 2014 Do we Control the Media or Does the Media Control Us? Imagine how surveys came into play. Imagine a group of people wanting to know what another group of people think, feel, want and desire. A survey came to be a way to meet the needs of others at a much more efficient way. Imagine mass media as a way to meet the needs and desires of the mass. It is a survey taken every time the remote is used. Whatever catches the attention of the mass is what the media produces quantities of and whatever the mass rejects is cut off, like a useless arm. The media misrepresents class in America with its glittering view of what class in America truly resembles. From movies to political figures, class is misrepresented through propaganda and the use of pathos, ethos and logos to appeal to the mass. Superficial sacrifices and obsessive desires of the wealthy to remain in power is a recurring theme in the media. Before the media came into play, class has been represented in varies ways in the United States, but to this day the class system is superficially the same. It remains: upper class, middle class/working class, and lower class. In the United Sates the media depicts class as such: if you are wealthy then you are well clothed, well behaved and well educated. If you are middle class/working class then you are humble, hard working, and mannered. If you are lower class than you are represented as either dysfunctional, or drop out. YouShow MoreRelatedReality and the Movie The Truman Show Essay example1038 Words   |  5 Pagesthe reality of the world and the truth of the people that surrounds him. So we need to ask to following questions to understand what the film is essentially about. Firstly, do we agree with the statement- We accept the reality of the world which we are presented? Secondly, what messages is the director trying to give us about modern society? Last of all, explain the p art which the media plays in this and power and control it has over individuals? In this essay, I will discuss human nature, our controllingRead More Censorship of Print Media is Wrong Essay840 Words   |  4 PagesCensorship of Print Media is Wrong      Ã‚  Ã‚   The printed media is undeniably a very powerful source used to communicate. It can be used for bad as well as good purposes. It can be used to inform the world of important events, or to publish pornography and mindless tabloids. Should the government be allowed to regulate what people can and cannot publish? Newspapers and forms of reading material are one of the largest forms of news that we use today. Every morning people can get out of bed, walkRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Our Society Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesInfluences of Media on our Society There is no doubt that the media influences us. To state some examples to prove this claim, try answering the questions that follow. Do you feel like attempting a stunt from a movie? Do you base your fashion on what you see the celebrities are wearing? Do you copy the hairstyle of your favorite famous personalities? Have you ever attempted to walk model-like in an attempt to imitate those ramp models in fashion shows? If you answered yes to any of these questionsRead MoreSociology: Are People Just Puppets? Essay922 Words   |  4 Pagespeople puppets of society? Do we control the social system or does it control us? Society is said to mould individuals, but to what extent? Questions no one can properly answer, although different sociologists have different perspectives. We could argue `Yes, we are puppets of society or `No, we have free will and can make our own decisions Although the most preferred theory is that `We are influenced by society but our fate is not determined by it. A ll three argue whether we are puppets of societyRead More Political Economy Essay806 Words   |  4 Pagessociety is strongly influenced by all sources of media. The media shows us what is going on in the world news, fashion and much more. The media is our connection to the world and what goes on all around us. The political economy approach looks at the influence that ownership control, advertising and audience spending has over the mass media and the mediated messages we receive on a daily basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Political economy believes that everything about media products is created through structural featuresRead MoreEssay on The Media Should Be Censored1023 Words   |  5 PagesMedia has become a powerful source of knowledge, and a great breakthrough in human history. Who can regret that media is a daily need in our lives. Media has the ability and control to adjust to all levels of knowledge in people. Media helps us to escape from our daily lives and our problems in times of stress. Thou Media as proved to be beneficial by educating, entertaining and informing us, it has also have its downfall, to cause many bad influences to the younger audience. Media has influencedRead MoreThe Pluralist View of Mass Media Essay1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pluralist View of Mass Media Pluralism is the belief that power is spread widely throughout the world. It is a belief that companies or powerful groups are competing, but within boundaries of consensus and compromise. The idea of pluralism descends from functionalism. Functionalism is the view that society is structured; every institution in society fulfils certain roles and functions. If there was a disruption in one of these institutions then it could affect theRead MoreIs The Government Restricting Our Rights?1077 Words   |  5 Pages Is The Government Limiting Our Rights â€Å"If we ever forget we are one nation under god, then we will be a nation gone under† - Ronald Reagan. Gun control, free speech and social media, some of the most controversial topics of this century, many believe they limit our rights, others think they’re useless and need to be gotten rid of. I, on the other hand, just think they’re exaggerated. Our government may be corrupt in some places, and really almost any spot of power or wealth is corruptRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society873 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology of the 21st century, we now have a wide range of access to information through social media. We can now stay updated with current topics and events going on around the world and become educated with just a click, or tap, to a social media application. Many people assume that social media are our friend and that social media is a great thing to have. But, what these people fail to realize is that social media is really our enemy, our foe. Where do I stand with social media? Let’s just say I usedRead MoreThe Power Of Large Media Corporations1426 Words   |  6 PagesWe should have options such as having the option to choose where we get our news and information. Understanding the world around us is significant because it gives us the power of knowledge. The media provides us updates about events within our community and around the world. However, we are presented with the same biased points of view from various sources. Our options are limited because large media corporations have control over what we read, listen, and watch. These large media corporations have

Case Study Baby James. 1)The Significance That This Mother

Case study Baby James 1) The significance that this mother did not receive prenatal care is that the risks for having a premature delivery could have been reduced or eliminated completely. The mother could have been put on medications to stop early labor like Magnesium sulfate to relax the smooth muscle of the uterus and stop contractions, progesterone to prevent early labor, and monitoring fetal heart rate patterns in order to report any complications to the attending provider caring for the patient. Progesterone reduces the risk of delivering a baby early, before 37 weeks gestation, in mothers who are pregnant with just a single fetus or a mother who previously had a premature birth of a fetus (Progesterone Treatment, 2014, para. 4). In†¦show more content†¦In addition, according to the American Pregnancy Association (2017), if the mother would have come to the birthing center at 4 to 6 cm. instead of 9 cm. dilated she could have been put on strict bedrest in order to prolong the amount of tim e the baby stays in the womb so the unborn fetus has that much more time develop and mature and let the natural process of labor progress naturally in hopes of avoiding premature rupture of membranes (Premature Labor, 2017, para. 22). 4) Some of the progressive signs of respiratory distress exhibited by this infant after birth are; nasal flaring, grunting, coarse breath sounds, increase respiratory rate of 100 and irregular, acrocyanosis, his appearance of being pale, circumoral cyanosis, and him developing jaundice as a result of his increased work of breathing and hypoxia which causes an increase in erythropoietin to be released from the kidneys resulting in polycythemia as a result of low levels of oxygen in the body. Subsequently, as a result of an increase or red blood cell production the body will develop jaundice due to an increase in red blood cell breakdown which causes an increase of bilirubin in the blood to accumulate, therefore, causing jaundice to develop. 5) The data that supports the baby being treatedShow MoreRelatedWe Must Stay Home At The Caveman Times1474 Words   |  6 Pageshealthy lifestyle, and there are children being born that are either dealt with a royal flush life or just a bust. Some men and women have worked their way to the top to get a decent earning in this economy; some have even worked all their life to finally get a job they are passionate about. But when a baby is along the way, how does a person choose between their passion and their own little one? Some people have to put their life on hold because of a child; that is where daycare comes in. DaycareRead MoreSociology- Nature Versus Nurture1801 Words   |  8 Pagesand human are also animals, some scholars reasoned that human behavior must also be governed by instincts. As a result many social scientists searched for the supposed instants that would explain all kinds of human behavior when they saw a mother feeding her baby they attributed it to the maternal instinct, when they were asked to explain war, they explained it was the aggressive instinct. They eventually discovered more that 14000 instincts, ranging from laughing instinct to a religious instinct.Read MoreSociology- Nature Versus Nurture 1816 Words   |  8 Pagesand human are also animals, some scholars reasoned that human behavior must also be governed by instincts. As a result many social scientists searched for the supposed instants that would explain all kinds of human behavior when they saw a mother feeding her baby they attributed it to the maternal instinct, when they were asked to explain war, they explained it was the aggressive instinct. They eventually discovered more that 14000 instincts, ranging from laughing instinct to a religious instinct. Read MoreImportance of Mother3443 Words   |  14 PagesThe Importance of the Presence of the Mother During the First Three Years Organized by Sheila Kippley (February 28, 2005) Purpose Mothers have told me that they have been influenced by those experts and writers who state that the presence of the mother during the early years is extremely important to their child’s optimal development. This knowledge has helped them to make decisions that enable them to remain with their children or at least cut back on their hours away from their little ones. ThereRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology3823 Words   |  16 PagesDevelopmental Psychology There are three main theories of development that I shall discuss in this assignment, Cognitive, the main theorist being, Piaget, (1896 - 1980), The, Psychosocial Theory, Erikson, (1902 - 1994), and, The Psychosexual, of, Freud, (1856 - 1939). Cognitive Psychology draws the comparison between the human mind and a computer, suggesting that we like the computer process the information we acquire from around us and then react accordingly. Hearnshaw, (1987)Read MoreWomen s Influence On The Workplace2760 Words   |  12 PagesStates of America. Traditionally, a woman’s power is obtained through her role in her family; a man’s power is determined by his ranking in his career (Wolf 235). For this reason, a woman’s social position is determined by the main male figure in her life, whether that be her father or her husband (Wolf 235). Women who seek to break this norm and earn their position in society through their own career achievements face great struggle and adversity, because of the preexisting ideals of a woman’s placeRead MoreDown Syndrome3938 Words   |  16 PagesCHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM A. INTRODUCTION Having a Down syndrome is such a difficult situation for an individual to have. They have slow physical and mental capabilities that lead them to discrimination. Physical features of having a Down syndrome. Including flattening of the head; slanting of the eyelids; a gap between the first and the second toes; a depressed nasal bridge; relatively small ears, mouth, hands and feet; short stature; decreased muscle tone and loose ligamentsRead MoreEssay on Pregnancy and Eating Disorders4460 Words   |  18 Pagessyndromes, some women have been able to conceive, even at below normal body weight (Lemberg Phillips, 1989). Information is lacking in general on psychological impact on the mother-to-be as well as on the course of pregnancy from a medical and nutritional point of view as it relates to both the mother and the unborn child. STUDIES PREVIOUSLY REVIEWED Blinder and Hagman (1984) interviewed six women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa who had given birth while actively symptomatic. MostRead MoreDeclaration Of The Independence Of New Zealand Essay2715 Words   |  11 Pages Name: Hamza Abutaleb Student ID: 2143918 First Event Declaration of the Independence of NZ 1) I chose the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand because of it has great significance. New Zealand declared its independency from the United Kingdom on the 28th of October 1835 in Waitangi. It was James Busby, with the help of missionary Henry Williams and William Colenso, who then prepared a statement to give the northern Maori chiefs to sign after there were rumours that the United States orRead MoreAn Evalution of the Attachment Theory Essay13038 Words   |  53 PagesOwnership 5 Chapter1: Introduction 1. An Introduction to the Attachment Theory 7 2. Aims of the Study 9 Chapter 2: Methodology 2.1 Literature Review Theoretical Considerations 12 2.2 Secondary Research - qualitative or quantitative 15 2.3 Information gathering Content Analysis 16 Chapter 3: Literature Review Applying the Attachment Theory when working with Looked after Children 3.1. Part 1 - Early Attachment Theories, Criticisms

The Manager as a Systems Thinker Free Essays

Introduction Managing an organization is no easy job. There are a lot of factors that should be taken into account—processes, procedures, people, raw materials, and accountabilities among others. Given this complexities, managers tend to view their role as that of the maintenance officer trying to make everything run given the schedule and agreed upon goals within the organization. We will write a custom essay sample on The Manager as a Systems Thinker or any similar topic only for you Order Now The complexities of the management process is even confounded by the difficulties in the communication process brought about by conflicting ideas and personalities of different people, as well as by new trends and issues arising in the society. In this regard, advances in telecommunications and other technologies also pose a challenge to the processes used to be followed by the manager in particular and by the organization in general. Problems and challenges occur in different areas of the organization in the same way that a machine may break down every now and then. Managers, however, in fixing these problematic areas, tend to focus only on the particular area where the problem occurred. The other extreme position is to focus on the big picture too much without going down to the level of the details and trying to understand what made such an area malfunction (Reed, 2006). The whole picture, however, is more than just the sum of the individual parts. When these individual parts come together to help achieve a goal or establish a process, they cannot be easily broken down into the component parts. As such, the system takes on a life of its own and may even dictate the future direction that the organization may take in the future (Ryba, 1996). The Role of the Manager Traditionally, managers are seen coordinators and a kind of director that monitors everything going on within the organization. If anything goes wrong, he should be there trying to fix things and making sure that they get back on track to make things going again. Such a role of the manager, however, is limited to trouble-shooting and monitoring. It does not capture the breadth and depth of what truly goes on in the management process. Thankfully a lot of authors have looked into a more holistic view of the manager. After all, the manager is not a firefighter that is only present whenever something or somebody is on fire. Rather, the manager also is a leader in the sense that he sees what is going on, and he foresees where the trends and circumstances are leading the organization. As such, the manager is a proactive leader that takes the necessary precautions and steps to ensure that the different aspect of the organization is ready to take on the challenges brought by the external and even the internal environment of the organization. The twenty-first century is the century that information and knowledge took center piece in the economy. Handling knowledge and information is now as important as managing the assembly line. In my own experience, management is more than just monitoring and implementing projects. Rather, a manager is also a thinker who takes into consideration the overall situation of the organization and how it can survive given the difficulties and challenges it is facing. The manager does some tweaks here and there but on the whole, he takes into consideration how the whole system can work better. Personal Experience of Managing Using Systems Thinking A recent personal experience in management occurred to me. The manager, although a friend of mine, was complaining about the low level of output from some members of the organization. Up to a certain degree, he was right. There were two people who were simply not meeting the standards that the company has set—these people did not meet their sales quota, which of course, affected the performance of the whole team. What the manager did was in step with systems thinking. Instead of going directly to the two persons and scolding them for their poor performance, he observed them keenly and tried to understand the situation. After several days of observing them and their work patterns, he also conducted informal chats with other members of the team regarding work processes and dynamics. By the end of the month, he called for a meeting to address the level of the performance as well as some of the issues that he was able to uncover. As it turned out, there were personal differences between the two persons and it was affecting their level of performance. The manager, however, did not only focus on that, but he also looked into the settings in the office and the way that work flows were designed. He elicited several suggestions for a more dynamic and responsive work flow from the team members. After that, he led the team members into a brainstorming of several ways of addressing the issue of performance. Had he asserted his authority right away, he would not have secured the participation of everyone. But because of systems thinking, the team was able to identify the root causes of difficulties and challenges. Â   How to cite The Manager as a Systems Thinker, Essay examples

3D-Printing as a Revolutionary Step in Manufacturing

Question: Describe about the Report for 3D-Printing as a Revolutionary Step in Manufacturing. Answer: Introduction The human history has seen much revolutionary discovery and invention which have transformed the human life. Such discoveries have changed the human life invariably, one of such invention is the Internet,' and even the inventor wouldn't have imagined the implication of the technology. In the present time, 3D printing is gaining the traction and this emerging technology is set to disrupt the way things are manufactured currently (Birtchnell Urry 2016). The technology is set to have a profound impact on politics, economics, security and environment. This essay is designed to understand the impact of 3D printing on the life of normal human being and will help in understanding the various implications of the technology. For the ease of understanding the initial section explains the technology, followed by its impacts and finally the conclusion. 3D printing, a revolutionary step in manufacturing The 3D printing technology has been termed as disruptive technology by Petrick Simpson (2013 .pp:12). It has been aptly stated by the authors that the industrial revolution has created a disruption in the society through the introduction of machines which didn't only reduce the time of manufacturing but were also capable of producing materials at much faster rate. Similarly, the 3D printing technology will remove the dependencies on the supply chain and will move the power to the designer and the consumer removing all the mediators. On a similar note, Campbell et al. (2011) have presented the same trend with the advent of the 3D printing technology which will affect various aspects of the life ranging from economics, politics, environment, and security. Although Berman (2012) have agreed to the fact that the technology is the next industrial revolution but have presented the technology on a positive note, which stresses mostly on the advantages of the technology. The disruptive nature of the technology is because it totally changes the dynamics of the society and has a very deep impact on the citizens. Rayna Striukova (2014) have stated in their work that good planning is mandatory for any execution and have presented the impact of the technology on the business model innovation, thus helping in the creation of the structure based on the disruption that has been created due to the technology. It has also been stated that the employment that will be created for the designing the object and making are printable will also be significant. Furthermore, Garrett (2014) too have emphasized the importance of the strategic planning for the implementation of the technology so that its disruptive effects are nullified with proper planning. Hence it can be understood that the 3D printing technology is indeed disruptive in nature and if not implemented with proper planning in mind could prove disastrous to many aspects of the human life like the economy, policies, health, etc. In the previous section, the disruptive nature of the technology have been presented which affects many aspects of human life and the most important of them is unemployment created due to the change of roles. According to Rifkin (2012), the two industrial revolutions have created unemployment and with the third revolution on its way in the form of 3D printing is set to create more unemployment and distributed capitalism which will affect the rate of employment in the world. On a similar note Peters (2016) have expressed concern about the effect of 3D printing on the various economies around the world. It has been presented that the automation industry is continuously eating up the jobs of the country and to add to that 3D printing will totally destroy employment. A similar fear has been expressed by Weller Kleer Piller (2015) who have mentioned that 3D printing is a two-edged sword for the developing countries. Employment is extremely important for a country and to counter the effects of the various technology methods have been presented by several authors. According to Rifkin (2012), the previous industrial revolutions, on the one hand, has reduced the staffs on the factory premise but has created employment in the different areas thus creating a more sophisticated workforce, similar things will also result due to the advent of the newer technology, and for that the humanity should be well prepared with the necessary skills. The need of the well-trained personnel will increase with the technology and will generate employment in a different arena. The student will be benefitted most with the advent of the technology as it will help them understand the basics of the construction with extreme ease (Schelly et al. 2015). However, it should be borne in mind that the implementation of the technology will create dedicated job only for the skilled personnels. The ease of manufacturing with the help of the 3D printers have created a lot of issues regarding the security of the community as the technology can be used for the production of various products which can be used against the society. According to the report that has been published in The Guardian (2016), sophisticated weapon manufacturing facility has been unearthed during the raids across the Gold Coast. The main catch of the news is, the weapons were manufactured at the facility with the help of 3D printers. The advantages of such guns are many which include, lightweight, lethal, and are not detected by metal detectors. According to Lindstrom (2014), drones can also be created with the help of the printers which can be used in advanced warfare. Thus it can be easily seen that the 3D printing technology can be effectively used against the people or the country for harming them. Hence the use of the printers should be supervised to ensure the security of the subjects of the country . The security should be given the foremost priority among all to ensure the technology doesnt create an issue for the other citizens of the country. To ensure the maximum utilization of the resources, and avoiding the exploitation, the rules and the regulations of the land should be very strong and enforcing agencies should be well equipped to counter any contingency. According to Pierrakakis et al. (2014), the regulations around the world should be more stringent to ensure information doesn't land up in the wrong hands. The issues with the technology are also very different as the files containing the information of the manufacturing is more necessary compared to the infrastructure thus making the act of prevention more difficult compared to the physical objects. A similar fear has been expressed by Little (2013), who have shared that the 3D printing technology should not be made public as the security implications will surely create a disaster in the society as the gun control law w ont be very effective with its implementation. Hence it is highly recommended that the technology should not be made public as it is not yet mature and the laws of the land should be well prepared for the implication of technology. Conclusion In this report, a detailed discussion has been presented to understand the 3D printing technology and its impact on society. For this study, the various aspects of the technology have been scrutinized and have been presented for a better understanding of the technology. In the following section the disadvantages of the technology have been presented, which are its disruptive nature, unemployment rates, environmental impact, security, etc. and finally the recommendation has been offered in each section to contain the technology for future and simultaneously create the workforce depending upon the technology to reduce its negative effects, which will not only allow a healthy environment for all but will also help in creation of healthy technology with everyone in mind. References Birtchnell, T. Urry, J., 2016.A New Industrial Future?: 3D Printing and the Reconfiguring of Production, Distribution, and Consumption. Routledge. Petrick, I.J. Simpson, T.W., 2013. 3D printing disrupts manufacturing: how economies of one create new rules of competition.Research-Technology Management,56(6), pp.12-16. Campbell, T., Williams, C., Ivanova, O. Garrett, B., 2011. Could 3D printing change the world? Technologies, Potential, and Implications of Additive Manufacturing, Atlantic Council, Washington, DC. Berman, B., 2012. 3-D printing: The new industrial revolution.Business Horizons,55(2), pp.155-162. Rayna, T. Striukova, L., 2014. The impact of 3D printing technologies on business model innovation. InDigital Enterprise Design Management(pp. 119-132). Springer International Publishing. Garrett, B., 2014. 3D printing: new economic paradigms and strategic shifts.Global Policy,5(1), pp.70-75. Rifkin, J., 2012. The third industrial revolution: How the internet, green electricity, and 3-d printing are ushering in a sustainable era of distributed capitalism.World Financial Review,1, pp.4052-4057. Peters, M.A., 2016. Technological unemployment: Educating for the fourth industrial revolution. Weller, C., Kleer, R. and Piller, F.T., 2015. Economic implications of 3D printing: market structure models in light of additive manufacturing revisited.International Journal of Production Economics,164, pp.43-56. Schelly, C., Anzalone, G., Wijnen, B. and Pearce, J.M., 2015. Open-source 3-D printing technologies for education: Bringing additive manufacturing to the classroom.Journal of Visual Languages Computing,28, pp.226-237. Lindstrom, G., 2014. Why Should We Care about 3-D Printing and What Are Potential Security Implications?.Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Policy Paper,6, p.2014. Pierrakakis, K., Kandias, M., Gritzali, C. and Gritzalis, D., 2014. 3D Printing and its regulation dynamics: The world in front of a paradigm shift. InProc. of the 6th International Conference on Information Law and Ethics. Little, R.K., 2013. Guns Don't Kill People; 3D Printing Does: Why the Technology Is a Distraction from Effective Gun Controls. Hastings LJ,65, p.1505.

Understanding Romantic Relationships Essay Example For Students

Understanding Romantic Relationships Essay Being a naà ¯ve young man in my sophomore year of high school, I had a relationship with the most beautiful girl named Savannah. The first couple weeks consisted of dates, getting to know who she was and basically building up a foundation. Of course, in the beginning of a relationship there are no arguments, just simply building up your relationship with that guy or girl. However though there are no problems, communication is shown from in the beginning. That is because at this moment in my relationship I used communication to understand who she is. After a few months of talking I asked Savannah to be my girlfriend and of course she had said yes. Both of us thought that it was finally time to make it official because we felt that our hearts were in sync. A couple weeks into our relationship, small arguments had broken out every now and then, but it never was anything big. However, there was one big argument which I wish had never gone wrong. Savannah had said â€Å"Babe, you haven’t been spending time with me lately, you’re always out with your friends. We will write a custom essay on Understanding Romantic Relationships specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Basically she began to accuse me of not spending enough time with her when we were with our friends or even just between us two. I was offended because I felt like I gave her my whole life, and she meant everything to me. Right from the start this is where Susan Page asserts â€Å"These are â€Å"you† statements. They blame, accuse, and criticize the person you are angry with His natural reaction will be to defend himself. † (pg. 27) This is where the problem started, Savannah used a â€Å"you† statement which had offended me. It was my instinct to defend myself to her accusing me of not spending time with her. We continuously yelled, blaming each other for random things that were not even a part of the conflict. They were just brought into the argument out of anger. I got tired of back and forth yelling and decided to just stop and walk away from the issue. John Gottman stated that â€Å"Calming down is especially important for men, since we know they are more likely to feel physiologically overwhelmed sooner than woman during a heated marital exchange. (pg. 46) Without calming down, anger will continue to spike up and just make everything worse. To the fact that we were even yelling out of anger made the argument more worse than it already was. I could have avoided making the problem escalate by not defensively yelling at her. If I were to have calmed down the issue between us could have been resolved peacefully. The next day, I thought about it and realized that I didnt want to argue with her any more. I felt disgusted to that fact I even yelled at her making her cry. I didn’t care if it was not even my fault; I just wanted to make up with her and apologize for my abrupt approach. At night I decided to stop by her house, I called her outside to talk to her. When she came outside I thought that she was still angry with me and didn’t even want to look at me. I tried to talk to her but all she said was â€Å"Leave me alone. † I didn’t want to leave her alone, I wanted to make things better between us, I tried talking to her again but all I got was rejection. I began to get frustrated and decided to try one more time. Sadly, all I got again was rejection and she just walked away from me. To the fact that I was confused and frustrated I decided to just give up and walk away as well. John Gray believed that men were from Mars and women were from Venus. When women talk Gray states â€Å"When a Venusian is upset she not only uses generalities, and so forth, but she also is asking for a particular kind of support because on Venus everyone knew that dramatic language implied a particular request† (pg. 18). .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .postImageUrl , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:hover , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:visited , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:active { border:0!important; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:active , .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913 .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u022d158d12e705376e27ab6c861c5913:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Autism EssaySavannah when said that she wanted to be left alone, that was not what she was implying. She really wanted me to run after her and keep trying. However, I did not know that because when I want to be left alone that’s what I would say. A female’s language is not direct to the things that they want. It was hard to understand what Savannah really wanted because she would say one thing but mean another. At this time I didnt understand a girl’s language and having her reject me the last time I simply gave up and the relationship between Savannah and I withered. After a few years, when I finally understood a woman’s language, I realized the real reason why Savannah and I broke up was not because of the fact that she felt like I was not spending enough time with her, but because of one word: miscommunication. Miscommunication is an enemy of a loving relationship. It is one of the essential foundations in a relationship, without understanding one another’s languages everything will crumble down. If only at the time I knew that when she said â€Å"Leave me alone,† it actually meant chase after me Chris and keep trying; we possibly could be still together

Persuasive Essay on Adopting a Dog

Persuasive Essay on Adopting a Dog Persuasive Essay on Adopting a Dog There are numerous reasons why one should make the wise decision to adopt a dog, the first of which is that one gets to save a life by choosing to adopt a dog. In the United States of America only, more than two million dogs are available for adoption on a yearly basis. The main reason why so many dogs are available for adoption is there are many individuals who give up their pets to animal shelters, and the number of individuals who go to shelters to adopt a dog is small. Unfortunately, many animal shelters do not have enough space to house the pets comfortably and sometimes do not even have enough resources to take care of the pets. These reasons sometimes push animal shelters to tight corners and cause them to eliminate some of the pets that have not been adopted. If more people came up and adopted the dogs, fewer animals would be eliminated or tortured by those who adopt them for weird reasons. The other reason why one should adopt a dog is that when one adopts a dog from an animal shelter, he or she not only gets to save money but also gets to adopt healthy dogs. There is a common misconception that animals found in animal shelters usually have something wrong with them. The fact is there are numerous reasons that may make one give up a pet to an animal shelter. However, this is not necessarily because the animal is injured or has a certain fault. Animal rescue centers usually concentrate on bringing up animals in the healthiest way that they can to make it easy for one to adopt a dog, should one choose to take the dog home. The shelters also regularly examine the pets and vaccinate them accordingly and regularly, and they pay close attention to the pets to ensure they are in their best health. In relation to cost, it is usually much cheaper to purchase a pet from an animal rescue center than it is to purchase a pet from a pet store or any other store. Another important reason why one should adopt a dog for a pet is that pets have been shown to improve the mood of their owners. Instead of feeling lonely and moody, one should adopt a dog because the dog will give the owner unconditional love and therefore help one to psychologically feel better. Dogs are also great when it comes to improving the physical health of their owners. Scientists have shown that spending time with one’s dog can significantly lower one’s blood pressure and lower one’s cholesterol levels. Activities such as walking the dog or even grooming the pet provide the owner with physical activity, which in turn can help the individual strengthen the heart and bone tissues. Simply stated, dogs are not just pets but are beneficial in many ways. Tips on writing a persuasive essay about Adopting a Dog: 1. Define what audience your essay is directed to; whether most of your audience. 2. Make sure your argument is definite. 3. Research your topic about adopting a dog well. To make your claim stronger, your arguments should be clear and supported be real examples. You can easily buy an essay online from experts at . You will get a superior-quality custom persuasive essay written from scratch!

CORPORATE FINANCE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CORPORATE FINANCE - Essay Example It had been generally assumed that there is an optimal mixture of debt and equity in a firm's capital structure that results in a shallow, U-shaped average cost-of-capital curve. That is to say, the market value of the firm will rise to a point with an increase in the debt ratio. Beyond that point, any increase in the debt ratio will cause the market value of the firm to decline. (Ariff and Lau, p. 391-410) Precisely, the traditional view states that capital structure may impact the cost of capital and in that way influence the value of a firm. It holds that the reasonable or rational use of leverage will decrease the total cost of capital primarily and therefore also add to value. When leverage turns out to be excessively high, beyond an optimal point, the cost of capital will begin to increase and hence the value will decline. There is no specific recognition of how to measure either a moderate or reasonable or optimal capital structure (Ariff and Hassan, p. 11). Some have accepted a moving average of historical capital structure; others have accepted an industry ratio. This concept is depicted through Figure 1 below: Although the traditional view appears to be substantially correct in relation to recognized real world behavior of capital structure, it suffers from lack of rigorous proof. ... b) The Independence Hypothesis: Modigliani and Miller (1958) Modigliani and miller 1were the first to develop a modern theory of capital structure supported by rigorous mathematical proof. The M&M (1958) theory is based on several simplifying assumptions: i. Perfect and frictionless capital markets with investors that behave rationally; ii. Individuals can borrow and lend at the same interest rate regardless the amounts; iii. No corporate or personal income taxes' iv. The firm's cost of equity depends upon its business risk class; v. Firms issue only risk-free debt and risk equity, and thus there are no bankruptcy costs; vi. Operating earnings of the firm are not expected to grow. The original M&M theory holds that the average cost of capital is independent of the firm's capital structure and equal to the capitalization rate of an unlevered stream of earnings at the capitalization rate appropriate to its risk class. As a result, the total market value of the firm is independent of its capital structure. Figure 2: Adopted from figure 5 Maugham, 2000, p.1 The original M&M result was obtained assuming perfect capital markets. Subsequent literature has relaxed the underlying assumptions of M&M's 1958 model. Stiglitz (1969) proved, using a state preference framework that the M&M result (1958) holds with risky debt, so long as there are no bankruptcy costs. Hamada (1969), using the CAMP, showed that the M&M result (1958) holds in a world where assets are allowed to have different risk classes. Mossin (1969), using a modified version of Sharpe's single-period asset valuation model, showed that in tax less, frictionless markets where there is no possibility that the firm will go bankrupt, changes in its debt-equity ratio will not alter the total market value of

Government Expansion for National Security Essay

Government Expansion for National Security - Essay Example Law enforcement agencies across the nation are faced with the dilemma with countering terrorist threats based on information that are at best loaded with the scenario that any potential terrorist act may actually happen. Using any information, most of the time unverified and unspecified to issue alert warnings to the public has been justified on the premise that the September 11 attacks happened because the intelligence agencies were slow to issue warnings and release information to other law enforcement agencies. The pre-emptive orientation of the intelligence community has gathered force in the face of growing concerns that civil liberties are in danger of being trampled. In 2004, Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, creating a Director of National Intelligence to be on top of the country's intelligence community. He also acts as the President's top intelligence adviser. While this move was meant to coordinate nationwide intelligence operati ons, there have been considerable areas of conflict among the law enforcement agencies. The public has recently seen the military and the Central Intelligence Agency encroaching too much on the sphere of domestic intelligence, which is the turf of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Financial records of individuals and other parties who are suspected of being involved in terrorism have been examined by the FBI through the issuance of national security letters and for the most part, banks and other institutions have cooperated. However, it has been reported that even the Pentagon and the CIA have been issuing their own version of the national security letters (Lichtblau & Mazzetti 2007). Furthermore, the FBI has complained that the military have been directly dealing with the police, without proper coordination with the bureau in issuing warnings against possible terrorist threats. The White House is also mulling to give more teeth to an agency within the Pentagon called the Counterintelligence Field Activity or CIFA currently in-charge of coordinating security efforts by giving it authority to investigate crimes such as trea son, foreign or terrorist sabotage, including economic sabotage within the country (Pincus 2005). Moreover, a legislation is being pushed to allow the military access to the database on U.S. citizens gathered by the FBI. Concerns about this have been somehow mitigated by an amendment which will require the Pentagon to seek approval for this data-sharing from the Director of the National Intelligence and to report to Congress any of such activity. The question of whether executive powers should be expanded has come to pass because in fact the American public has indeed given its go-signal for this to happen. While the public has recently been against the War in Iraq and other reports concerning Government Expansion for National Security 2 domestic spying, the American people had been united right after the September 11 attacks in giving President Bush authority to deal with the terrorist threat

Development of Cryptography Studies

Development of Cryptography Studies 0.1 Abstract This report is an overview of some structures that have heavily influence the course and study of Cryptography the last decades. Initially, we will analyse the structure of some important ciphers such as DES, 3DES and AES by underlying some dark and complicated points and emphasizing the critical  functions called S-boxes. We will then expand of some basic attributes of these block ciphers, for example the running time of them and their hardware and software performance. Finally, we will focus on a highly important aspect of these cryptosystems, security by exploring some of the most significant attacks that have been discovered against them. The paper is concluded with a presentation of the most important results of our investigation. 1 Introduction Cryptography has a very rich history, rooted back in the ancient years. Even Greeks of classical times have demonstrated understanding of ciphers, with the example of Herodotus to be the most well known, who tattooed a message to his slave head on a slaves shaved head and hide it under his regrown hair. Before the modern era, cryptography had an absolute target the achievement of confidentiality of a message. The most crucial years for cryptography were undoubtedly the last century. The decisive step was an investigation of Claude Shannon, the father of information security. In his seminar at 1949, Shannon analysed and illustrated block ciphers and suggest that, if they are combined with some operations that can provide the whole cipher with permutation and substitution, they should be a reasonable option. A block cipher, is an encryption scheme that belongs in the branch of Cryptography that is called symmetric-key Cryptography. This name is justified by the fact that the parties th at are involved in the communication through the cipher use the same secret key. Later designed as iterated product ciphers, block ciphers are deterministic algorithms that operate on fixed length groups of bits, called blocks. The major attribute for a block cipher is that the length of the input, called plaintext, and the length of the output, called ciphertext, is always the same. They take as an input a key of k-bits length and the this key is expanded to many different keys following a sequence of operations, the so called round keys. Typically, a block cipher is built by iteration, using a function called round function. In every round, the round function takes as an input the corresponding message and the round key and produces a new outcome which is oriented to be used in the next round. The final round will produce the ciphertext. Block ciphers have been widely used and dramatically influence the new era of humanity, and more importantly for commercial reasons in industry a nd banking. There is a remarkable variety of examples from block ciphers, although for the rest of this paper we will focus on the most famous examples that dominated the whole area of symmetric-key Cryptography in the new era. These are called DES, 3DES, AES. Blowfish has also attracted the attention since there isnt still any known vulnerability but it will remain outside of the scope of this report. 2 Analysis and Description 2.1 Data Encryption Standard (DES) Nowadays, DES is considered to be insecure, but it had a huge impact in the development of the symmetric-key cryptography for many decades after its invention. It has been designed back in 1976, when the government of the United States realized the overwhelming necessity of an algorithm that could effectively protect government data and safely used for buying products from the international markets. The most interesting difference of DES with its predecessor, Lucifer, which has been designed by Horst Fiestel, is that the key length and the block length has been reduced significantly. Nevertheless, the key length, especially, was from the time that DES was published, under heavy criticism and was actually badly broken in 1997 with the so-called exhaustive search attack. That means that a machine was able to search all the possible keys and find the correct one. DES has a very rich history of attacks and we will examine some of these attacks in more detail later in this paper. The core idea behind DES is the so-called Feistel Network, where a block cipher can built up with the use of some arbitrary functions f0,f1,fd : {0,1}n → {0,1}n. There is a wide variety of block ciphers that have a similar construction, although AES has a completely different construction. The critical point in these kinds of constructions is the structure of these functions, which can vary significantly. Abstractly speaking, the main target is to construct an invertible function F : {0,1}2n → {0,1}2n in order to able to decrypt the ciphertext. DES is basically a 16-round Fiestel network. More specifically, the input is exactly 64 bits, so R0 and L0 are 32 bits each. Obviously, from the diagram above, in every the half of the bits remains unchanged. The other half comes with a sequence of operations. Initially, as specified by the protocol, a permutation of the whole input takes place, followed by a 16-round Fiestel Network. Each function f0,f1,f16 : {0,1}16 → {0 ,1}16 that is used at each round is computed by using the corresponding subkey, fi(x) = F(ki,x) ,in order to make the decryption circuit feasible and manageable from a hardware perspective of view. This subkey is produced by the main key, in the following way: 56 bits are selected from the 64 bits that contains the key, the 56 bits are divided into two 28 bit halves and each half is treated afterwards separately. In every round, both halves are rotated form the left to the right by one or two bits and then 48 bits are selected, 24 from the left and 24 from the right to build the corresponding subkey. After these 16 rounds of the Fiestel network, there is one more permutation before the final output is computed. The following image describes the construction of the fi function. Initially, the input of 32-bits replicates 48-bits with some simple calculations and then the result is XOR with the 48-bits subkey. The 48-bits are splitted to 8 blocks of 6 bits and passed to the S-boxes. This is the most critical point of a block cipher and bad implementation of S-boxes can easily compromise security. A S-box is a function {0,1}6 → {0,1}4 and acts like a look-up table. The selection of these tables is of vital importance and has been a controversial matter for many years. It has been proved that linear S-boxes is definitely not an option. Even a partly linear S-box can run under some kind of attacks. After the implementation of all the S-boxes, a last permutation that maps the 32-bits around, takes place. The decryption circuit follows exactly the inverse procedure. Obviously, the encryption and decryption circuit are almost identical as the only actual difference is the order that the f1,f2,,fd functions are applied. This fact made DES very attractive to hardware developers because they had to implement just one algorithm for both procedures. 2.2 Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) As already mentioned, DES has been proved to be vulnerable under certain types of attacks so significant has been made in order to improve the security of DES. For this reason, DES has been replaced by 3DES, which was published in 1998 To begin with, let E : KXM → M be a block cipher and lets define the function 3E : K3 → M as 3E((k1,k2,k3),m) = E(k1,D(k2,E(k3,m))), where D denotes the decryption algorithm. Actually, there are three encryption steps. The main question that arises here is why the middle one is a decryption algorithm and not and encryption algorithm. The answer is simple; this would have lead to the implementation of a single DES, beacause the first and the second DES operations cancel out. will cancel the other. Obviously, the key-size, as it was intended, has been increased to 168-bits, as each of the keys is 56-bits. There are three options for keys; in the first key options all the keys are independent, in the second option k1andk2 are independent and k3 = k1 and in the third all three key are identical, k1 = k2 = k3. The third option is no longer recommended by the NIST( National Institute of Standards and Technology), the first key option is the strongest with a total number of 168 key bits as mentioned above, and the second option is stronger that simply implementing DES twice. 2.3 Why not double DES? 3DES is considered to be a secure block cipher. Nevertheless, a normal question is why 2DES in not an option, as it may not seem easy to beak by brute force with a key-length space 2112. A 2DES can be defined in the following way; 2E(k1,k2),m) = E(k1,E(k2,m)) with a key length 112 bits. This construction turns out to be completely insecure and the reason for this is the meet-in-the-middle attack. Basically, if an attacker has at his disposal an actual message and the corresponding ciphertext, which will be of the same length, he will try to find a pair of key (k1,k2) that E(k1,E(k2,M)) = C. If we apply at both parts of this equation the decryption algorithm, then we get the get E(k2,M) = D(k1,C). So, the attacker will try to figure out which is the appropriate pair of key in order to map the message M and ciphertext C at the same point this also justifies the name of the attack meet-in-themiddle. The attack is structured in two steps: Firstly, the attacker has to build up a table wi th all the 2112 keys and the corresponding encryptions and then sort this list, and secondly, for all possible key that belongs to {0,1}56, he calculates D(k,C) and he looks for a match at the previous table. Whenever he finds the first match, his goal has been achieved. The running time of this attack is 256log(256) + 256log(256) < 263, time that is much smaller than the time that is necessary for brute force attack. 2.4 Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) It is widely acceptable AES has been adopted by the U.S. government and nowadays is used worldwide. As DES was proved insecure and 3DES quite slow, the demand for a more effective encryption scheme grew rapidly and at 1997 NIST requested a new proposal. After some investigation, NIST chose Rijndael as AES at 2000, a cipher that was designed in Belgium. AES, unlikely to its predecessor, its not a Feistel Network. In contrast, it is called a substitution-permutation network because both actions of permutation and substitution take place. AES has a fixed block size of 128-bits, although the key length can vary, 128,192 or 256 bits. Additionally, in every round of AES all bits change while in every round of DES half of the bits remain unchanged. Generally, a substitution permutation networks initial input is operated with an XOR with the corresponding round subkey, then goes through a substitution layer where there are some blocks, configured depending on what the substitution table says and finally a permutation layer follows where all bits are permuted. This procedure is repeated many times until the final outcome is produced. All steps of a substitution permutation network must be reversible in order to be able to decrypt. Specifically for AES, the 128-bits, which are equal to 16-bytes, are handled with the help of a 4X4 matrix with ten repeated rounds to follow. Each element of this matrix is one byte. Each byte comes under the XOR operation with the corresponding round subkey, and then a function is applied in every round that consists of three steps: (1) The Sub-Bytes step, according to which all bytes are replaced with other coming from a look-up table, named Rijndael S-box. This S-box is associated with the Galois Field(28) which is considered to have goo properties. This is a critical operation for the overall structure, as it provides AES with non-linearity. (2) The Shift-Rows step, where the last three rows of the current state are moved some certain positions to the left while the first row remains stable and (3) the Mix-Columns step, where all the bytes of each column of the current state are combined under a linear transformation. The last two steps provide AES with diffusion, a vital property for a secure cipher according to which if we change one bit of the plaintext then almost half of the bits o f the ciphertext will change. It is also considerable that the step Mix-Columns is omitted at the last round of AES. Each subkey is produced by the main key with some kind of expansion similar to the DES. The key expansion is introduced with a number of operations named rotate, Rcon, and S-box and then follows an inner loop in key schedule before the final subkey is produced. 3 Comparison and Attacks 3.1 Running time A real concern about which algorithm is appropriate, especially for commercial use, is the effectiveness and its running time. In general, the larger the block size is, the faster is the algorithm, obviously because larger amount of data is encrypted in one round of operations. Similarly, the smaller the key size is, the faster is the encryption algorithm, because the less key bits are involved in the operations and thus the complexity of them is reduced. A series of experiments have taken place to verify which of the famous encryption algorithms, AES,DES,3DES. Most of these experiments implement these encryption algorithms in Java, although there are some others that used C, most of them at a machine of Pentium 2 or Pentium 4. At most of these experiments, the fastest of these algorithms has been proved to be DES, followed by AES and finally from the 3DES, as it is three times slower than DES. It obviously doesnt make sense to examine the running time of these block ciphers in compl ete isolation with the security that they provide although it is definitely a factor that must be taken into consideration. 3.2 Software and Hardware Implementation Another important aspect that must be examined is the performance of these block ciphers in combination with the available hardware. Again, a lot of study has been carried out and provide us with some clear evidence. In compact architecture, 3DES, DES and AES have displayed very similar performance. In contrast, in high-speed architecture, AES is considered to be almost 4-times than the 3DES and DES. This is happening due to a variety of reasons, amongst them there is no hardware support for DES in modern CPUs, when from the other side there is for AES in increasingly many CPUs, including most targeting servers; hence hardware DES is oà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¾oaded to a distant IC, when AES is often in-core. Additionally, DES is often used in CBC mode which makes parallelization inevitable and processed in advance during encryption when AES is mainly used in CTR mode where the possibility of parallelization is available. Finally, DES, and its expansion 3DES is much slower in software than AES, obviously because it was designed back at 1976 before the 8086 processor was designed and uses a lot of bit operations that are not implemented suà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™ciently in a processor with a word oriented instruction set. 3.3 Attacks on DES and 3DES As already mentioned earlier at this paper, 2DES has been collapsed from the meet-in-the-middle-attack. Simultaneously, DES, despite its contribution to the overall development of cryptography, has also been defeated by a quite popular attack named exhaustive search. Exhaustive search means that the attacker will search the whole key space and he will find the appropriate, which is unique, in suà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient amount of time. There are some cases, even in the real world where the attacker can obtain some pairs (mi,ci), where m denotes a message and c the corresponding ciphertext. Under this small requirement, DES was badly broken. To be specific, a company named RSA, back at 1997 announced a problem with the name DES challenge. The company announced six ciphertexts and in parallel announced the first three actual messages and asked for the scientific community to search for the key and use it to obtain the other messages. The same year of the request the challenge had been solved. To go further, the rapid hardware  development was able to create a machine that find the key and solve the problem, equivalently crack DES, within less than one day at the year 1999 with exhaustive search, leading to the assumption that 56-bits length block ciphers should not be used any more. As DES is one of the most famous and controversial block ciphers, it is not entirely surprising that there is a variety of attacks developed against DES, some of them even faster than exhaustive search. Back at 1998, Kocher and Jun demonstrated a very innovative idea by making a side channel attack, introducing a new era for cryptography. Side channels attacks extract information from the physical implementation of the cipher. This type of attack was specifically against smart cards, and is based in power measurement. They actually measured precisely the running time of the smart cards and analysed the diagrams that they obtain from this measurement. In this way, they were able to learn wa s much time was consumed by in each operation from the smart card and find exactly the key. Nowadays, even smart cards are equipped with mechanisms that dont reveal any information of the power consumption there is an attack called differential power analysis, which can steal the secret key after running a lot of time the smart card. It should me mentioned that these attacks are quite general and not for smart cards. In addition, there is another type of a quite highly surprising class of attacks called fault attacks. In this occasion, the attacker can cause a malfunction to a mechanism, lets say to a smart card, for example by warming it up. If he manage to cause and recognise an error at the last round of DES he will be able to discover the secret key. The last attack that we would like to point out is the so called linear cryptanalysis. This is a generic attack and was introduced by Matsui at 1993 and is one of the most realistic, sophisticated and quick attacks on the DES. His a ttacks, and generally in linear cryptanalysis, one tries to find probalistic linear relations between the plaintext, the ciphertext and the secret key. He starts by examining linear relations at the S-boxes of one round and if he succeeds, he will use the to find out linear relations in one-round and then finally them iteratively to find multi-round relations. These relations from round to round are not independent. By combining all these linear relations, the attacker should be able to retrive the secret key. Matsui attack used 244 known plaintexts to find 13 bits of the secret key with a high probability . A similar method was applied to find another 13 bits and then for the remaining 30-bits he applied exhaustive search, he applied exhaustive search, reducing significantly the time that the initial exhaustive search demands. Today, linear cryptanalysis is considered to be, with some improvements, one of the most powerful attacks on DES. Although DES is considered to be faultless and no specific technical vulnerabilities has been found, a high level of linearity at the fifth box of DES has created the possibility for someone to generate this type of attack. Most of the previously referred attacks can also be implemented against 3DES, as the two block ciphers are obviously, highly related. To begin with, an exhaustive search is not suà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient any more as the key space, if we use three totally independent keys, is huge, especially if we take into consideration the computational power that a strong mahine can demonstrate nowadays. The meet-in-the middle-attack can be applied in a very similar mode, as the attacker can still create a sorted table with the first implementation of DES between one element of the table and the implementation of twice the DES at the opposite direction. The time needed for this attack is 2112, which is considered to be a high level of security, as nowadays a satisfactory level of security against a certain attack is approximately 290, although is still faster in comparison with exhaustive search. Lately, a new attack against block ciphers has been displayed, mainly intended against 3DES and Blowfish and exploits well known kind of vulnerabilities like collision and birthday attacks. Since this is currently under examination and was published only this year, we are not going to expand more. Overall, till today there is not a known and widely acceptable attack that cracks 3DES in a reasonable amount of time. 3.4 Attacks on AES Rijndael has outplayed all other candidates suggested for the AES and so has been analysed quite a bit the last decade. A lot of attacks have been introduced although none of them has hurt AESs security significantly. To begin with, there is a lot of analysis around the meet-in-the-middle attack and some possible improvements of it over the last five years. Gilbert and Minier have proved a very interesting distinguishing property for the first four rounds of AES with the following proposition; lets consider a set of 256 plaintexts where the entry a11 takes all byte values between 0 and 255 exactly once over a given set of plaintexts and all other entries are equal to a constant. If we encrypt this set with three rounds of AES then the function that maps a11 to C11 is determind by 9 fixed 1-byte parameters. C11 denotes the byte values at row i, column j. This proposition was used by them to implement the same idea of the meet-in-the-middle attack. Some further investigation have shown that the number of the parameters, and specifically for 13 or 14 bytes, and this is able to be reduced so the number of the required plaintexts will be minimized. Another famous class of attacks are called cache attacks. Cache is a small part of high speed memory and it aims to keep the CPU as much busy as possible. The catch parameters influence the running time of an algorithm. Specifically, when an element of a data array is called, then we have two possible outcomes. Id the element lies n the cache memory,then the access is instant. In a different situation, the element must be accessed from the main memory. This operation will be executed in significantly different running times and reveal valuable information. We can separate this class of attacks into three families; cold start misses, which arise for the first reference of the data, capacity misses which the magnitude of the element is bigger than the size o the cache and the conflict misses, which may happen in the case of accessing recently accessed data. 4 Conclusion In this paper we examined the structure of popular block ciphers that heavily influenced the development of Cryptography, like DES,3DES and AES and we have compared them in means of running time and software and hardware implementation. We have also considered some basic attacks that have been applied on these cryptosystems. We come to the conclusion that AES is the most safe and practical block ciphers, and this is justified by the fact that is has been chosen for encryption at a series of important applications nowadays. IS it estimated that AES will fully replace 3DES until 2030. There is not any doubt that AES is the most practical and convenient cipher from a hardware and running time perspective. Nevertheless, further investigation must definitely be carried out to ensure the the safety of AES, especially under the increasing enhancement of the technological means, is guaranteed. Finally, the attack Sweet32 is a newly invented attack and must carefully be examined, mainly becau se it is really compromise 3DES security, countermeasures must be taken DES will fully replaced by AES. 5 References [1] Dan Boneh and Victor Shoup, A Graduate Course of Cryptography, August 2015. [2] Diaa Salama Abd Elminaam,Hatem Mohamed Abdual Kader and Mohiy Mohamed Hadhoud, Evaluating The Performance of Symmetric Encryption Algorithms, Higher Technological Institute 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt, (Received Feb. 16, 2009; revised and accepted May 12, 2009) [3] Aamer Nadeem, Dr M. Younus Javed, A Performance Comparison of Data Encryption Algorithms, Department of Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. [4] Akashi Satoh and Sumio Morioka, Hardware-Focused Performance Comparison for the Standard Block Ciphers AES, Camellia, and Triple-DES, Tokyo Research Laboratory IBM Japan Ltd. [5] Huseyin Demirci, Ihsan TaskÄ ±n, Mustafa Coban, and Adnan Baysal, Improved Meet-in-the-Middle Attacks on AES, 2011. [6] Daniel J. Bernstein, Cache-timing attacks on AES, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science (M/C 249) The University of Illinois at Chicago, 2005. [7] Eran Tromer, Dag Arne Osvik and Adi Shamir, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar Street, G682, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Laboratory for Cryptologic Algorithms, Station 14,  ´Ecole Polytechnique F ´ed ´erale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Received 20 July 2007 and revised 25 June 2009. [8] Anne Canteaut, C ´edric Lauradoux and Andr ´e Seznec, Understanding cache attacks, April 2006. [9] Johannes Blomer and Volker Krummel, Analysis of countermeasures against access driven cache attacks on AES, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics University of Paderborn, Germany 2009. [10] Hamdan.O.Alanazi, B.B.Zaidan, A.A.Zaidan, Hamid A.Jalab, M.Shabbir and Y. Al-Nabhani, New Comparative Study Between DES, 3DES and AES within Nine Factors, Journal of Computing, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2010. [11] Henri Gi lbert and Thomas Peyrin, Super-Sbox Cryptanalysis:Improved Attacks for AES-like Permutations, Orange Labs, France [12] Elisabeth Oswald, Stefan Mangard, Norbert Pramstaller and Vincent Rijmen, Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communciations (IAIK), Austria, 2005. [13] Kai Schramm, Gregor Leander, Patrick Felke and Christof Paar, A Collision-Attack on AES Combining Side Channel and Differential Attack, Horst Gortz Institute for IT Security, Germany 2005. [14] Alex Biryukov and Dmitry Khovratovich, Related-Key Cryptanalysis of the Full AES-192 and AES-256, University of Luxembourg 2011. [15] A Chosen-Plaintext Linear Attack on DES, Lars R. Knudsen and John Erik Mathiassen Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, N5020 Bergen, Norway, 2000. [16] Jawahar Thakur and Nagesh Kumar, DES, AES and Blowfish: Symmetric Key Cryptography, Algorithms Simulation Based Performance Analysis, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ije tae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2011) [17] Stefan Tillich and Christoph Herbst, Attacking State-of-the-Art Software Countermeasures A Case Study for AES, Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communications, Inffeldgasse 16a, A-8010 Graz, Austria

Self Analysis Example

Name: Mark Anthony D. MendozaDate: April 20, 2013 Subject: Contemporary Management Theories: Self Analysis Part Ia. INTEREST 1. How do I like to spend my time? I really want to spend my time in doing worthwhile things. I work, study and join adventurous activities. Most importantly, I always find time to participate with our religious activities like our house to house preaching to share the good news about the kingdom of God Jehovah. 2. Do I enjoy working with people? Yes. I enjoy working with different kinds of people. Actually, I prefer working with a group rather than working alone. 3.Do I like to work with mechanical things? Yes. When I was in high school we were taught to do mechanical things like electrical applications, carpentry and troubleshooting appliances. During my free time, I usually do troubleshoot dysfunctional home appliances even though I am not that good at it. 4. Do I enjoy working with data? I do enjoy working with data most especially if it’s numerical or accounting related. 5. Am I a member of many Organizations? No. At present I am only a member of some organizations. 6. Do I enjoy physical activities? I am a very active person enjoying physical activities.I usually play games like table tennis, badminton and volleyball. I also join adventurous activities like mountain climbing. At least twice a year, we enjoy hiking for at most three days in the mountains of Kayapa and Ambaguio. 7. Do I like to read? I am not really that kind of person who is fond of reading. It usually depends on my mood but most of the time my retention is at most two hours. ABILITIES 1. Am I adept at analysis? I believe that I am not that adept regarding analytical matters. 2. Am I adept at working with computers? Yes. It is with the aid of the computer subjects integrated in our curriculum.It is also enhanced by the use of computer s at work. I became familiar with various applications and I was acquainted on how to operate them properly. 3. Do I have good verbal and written communication skills? I can also consider that my writing and speaking abilities are good. It is with the help of the subjects I teach in class. Through regular class discussion my speaking abilities are gradually improved. The many write ups, concept papers, case analyses that I have prepared also enhances my writing abilities. 4. What special talents do I have? I do not have any special talent. 5.At which abilities do I wish I were more adept? I wish I am more intellectually inclined with excellent writing and communication skills. PERSONALITY 1. What are my good and bad traits? Some of my good are the following. I have sense of helping the needy. I also know my responsibilities as a child, brother and as a person to others. I can also consider myself as cheerful. Some of my bad habits are the following. Sometimes, I am late going to work. I am also lazy in doing household chores. 2. Am I competitive? One of my mottos in life is â€Å"Always do your best† . I always do my best in everything I do.It may be academics, work or whatever it maybe. 3. Do I work well with others? I can assume that I work well with others. Basing on my present job most of my officemates, if not all, like to work with me. I can say that because I am easy to work with and I am always practicing flexibility. 4. Am I outspoken? I think so. Most of the time, I say things that I know is right. 5. Am I a leader or a follower? I can be a combination of both but most of the time I am a follower. I am an abiding individual. I usually follow orders as long as it is positive and not against my will. 6.Do I work quickly, or am I methodical? I am a fast worker; I easily find ways on how to get things done. Basing from the comments I have earned from my supervisor during my On-the-job training, she said that I am an accurate and fast worker. 7. Do I get along with others? I think I am. I have group of friends and I can go along with others easily. Again, basing on the comm ents of one of my supervisor from my evaluation, she said that â€Å"everybody in the office likes me†. 8. Am I ambitious? Yes I am. I am really ambitious in the sense that I want to achieve a lot of things in my life.But I think that my ambition is not just an ambition because everything I dream is accompanied with action. 9. Do I work well independently of others? I can also work well independently. This is very true when I make my reaction papers, concept papers and other individual reports. But I am fonder with working with a group. DESIRED JOB ENVIRONMENT 1. Am I willing to relocate? Why? Yes. If it is a requirement for the job to relocate I will be much willing to relocate. I know myself that I can easily adapt different kinds of working environment. Actually, I am also planning to work abroad and that requires relocation. 2.Do I have geographical preference? Why? Yes, I want to work in a place wherein the climate is good. If I would choose the location it would be some where in Europe. I have a preference over the geography of the place where I will work because it might be uncomfortable for me to stay in is some places and that makes me unproductive. 3. Would I mind traveling in my job? For me traveling as part of my job is not a problem. Actually, I do enjoy going to different places. It would be an addition to my experience while performing the task given to me. 4. Do I have to work for a large or nationally known firm to be satisfied?I prefer to work in large and known company. It is for the fact that it will not only offer greater financial help but greater opportunities for career advancement. 5. Must my job offer rapid promotion opportunities? Not necessarily. Even though most of the employees would want to be promoted, I would not consider it as my main stimulus. As long as I am happy with my job it would be good for me. Promotion would just be considered as an additional prize of enjoying my job. 6. If I could design my own job, what char acteristics would it have? I would like that I would be leading the financial aspects of the business.I would like to decide on financial matters, give reports on the standing of the business and share in the decision making. 7. How important is high initial salary for me? For me, high initial salary is not that important because I know that salary increase goes with experience and service. What is important is I like the job I will be doing. EDUCATION 1. How have my courses and extracurricular activities prepared me for a specific job? The courses we had during our undergraduate studies really helped us to be prepared for whatever career path we may go. It is due to these courses that we have been acquainted to different job scenarios.With the help of the On-the-job training, the theories we have learned in school were reinforced to make us fit with the job. 2. Which were my best subjects? My worst? If I am going to base it on the rating I earned. I would say my best subjects would be Physical Education because I got a very high grade. If it is based on learning, I would choose my accounting subjects because I really learned a lot. I consider Income taxation as my worst subject because I got the lowest grade among all the subjects I have taken. It was an irony because the subject is one of the subjects I have taught. . Is my GPA a good indication of my academic ability? Why? I do really believe that my GPA is an actual interpretation of my academic ability. It is because I am convinced that my GPA really shows what I did. 4. Do I aspire to a graduate degree? Before beginning my job? It is not that necessary for me. I got a job before I was being able to hold a degree. 5. Why did I choose my major? Actually, I do not have much good reasons why I choose accounting. I have chosen the field of accounting just because I loved numbers. PERSONAL GOALS 1. What are my short-term and long term goals? Why?My present goal is to be able to pass the CPA board examination. One of my long term goals would be the establishment of my own convenience store and I am the manager. 2. Am I career oriented, or do I have broader interest? I can say that I have broader interest with regards to the career I have chosen. I would not just stick for the fact that I am an accountant but to pursue my goal to become an entrepreneur. 3. What are my career goals? First, I want to pass the CPA board examination. Then work with an auditing company wherein I can travel not only locally but internationally.After gaining all the expertise I would like to run my own business. 4. What jobs are likely to help me achieve my goals? I think any jobs that are related to my degree would be an addition to the achievement of my goals. 5. What do I hope to be doing in 5 years? In 10 year? Five years from now I hope that I would be one of the most successful accountant and employee of a well-known company. And after five years, I hope that I would be managing my own business. 6. What do I want out of life? Poverty, suffering, sickness and death. I would like that every individual would be enjoying the gift of life God has given us.EXPERIENCE 1. What previous jobs have I held? What were my responsibilities in each job? I worked as an Accounts Receivable Analyst. I prepare an analysis of the accounts of every student and make necessary adjustments if errors are made. I was also the liaison office of Saint Mary’s University. I transact business with different banks and other governmental agencies. I prepare premium reports of employees. 2. What internships or co-op positions have held? What were my responsibilities? I have my internship at metro bank. I was assigned to compute and update the time deposits of depositors.I have also done clerical works like sorting of checks and counting cash. 3. What volunteer positions have I held? What were my responsibilities? When one of my officemate attended the review for the CPA board exam, I took over some of her work. I prepare bank reconciliation statements and prepare checks for disbursement. 4. Were any of my jobs or positions applicable to positions I may seeking? How? As an accounting major, I would be looking for job that is in line with my degree. My experience on my previous jobs will be an additional factor because I also learned a lot of things that I may use on my next job. 5.What did I like most about my previous jobs? I like the company of my officemates who are always there to support. I love the way our superior treated us. 6. If I had to do it over again, would I work in these jobs? Why? Yes, I really love the world of accounting. As long as I am still enjoying my field, I would be much willing to do it all over and over again. Part 1b. Leadership Lifeline A 1. What are the key experiences that shaped my present as leader? Being a good follower makes a good leader. All the theories I have learned and the teaching of my teachers during my undergraduate studies helped me to become a good leader.As a teacher, I have known how to management my class properly. Teach them how to be a good student and help them cope up with academic difficulties. I also make it sure that they have learned something about the subject I have taught them. I have also learned a lot of thing from the interaction from my students. 2. Who were the key influences that developed me into the kind of leader I am today? I would give the main credit to my parents who molded me to become a good person. Also with my teachers who shared their knowledge and expertise. My officemates who taught me understand the essence of work and camaraderie. . What are the key lessons I have learned about leadership? As stated above, I believe that a good leader must be a good follower. A leader should not be so autocratic but must listen to the ideas and needs of his team. 4. What was the most difficult leadership challenge that I have experienced as a leader? What was the impact of this challenge to me? The mos t difficult challenge was during my first year of teaching. It is very challenging because I don’t have any teaching experience yet and it was my first time, also for the fact that some of my students are older than me. I took the challenge positively.I prepared my lessons well before discussions. It is very fulfilling because I have received positive outcomes. 5. What have been my experiences in doing collaborative work as a leader? How were my experiences? It is really fun and interesting doing such an activity. I enjoy working with a group most especially on exchanging of ideas. This experience adds up to the confidence in doing successful activity. 6. From my story as a leader what is my purpose in life? As leader, I need to show good example to all the people. I need to exert more effort to be able to meet the expectations of those who believe in my abilities.MY LEADERSHIP LIFELINE B PEELING BACK THE ONION: WHAT IS MY AUTHENTIC SELF 1. My Values and Principles I have gro wn up with the Filipino values of love and respect, giving much importance to family. My principles in life are usually based from the bible. I follow the golden rule that is to do what is right to others so that others will also do the same. I also show genuine love to everyone as much as I can. 2. My strengths I consider my positive attitude toward others, work and life. In addition, I also consider my adept understanding with my chosen field of expertise and numerical reasoning. . My purpose One of my major purposes in life is to help others know to the Kingdom of God. I also may sure that my family would feel how much I care and love them. I am also here to share what I have and serve others. It may not be financially but my presence to them can make a difference. With regards to being a leader, service is what matters most. 4. My weaknesses I have low self-esteem and confidence. I don’t usually have the guts to do things on my own and show what I am really capable. I am always on doubt for myself. I have low regard with my abilities.I also find it difficult to say my opinions about different matters. 5. My talents I am somewhat inclined with numerical reasoning. I don’t really know my talents are. MY LEADERSHIP LIFELINE C What do my story and my authentic self as a leader say about my Worldview, Values, Talents and Purpose. 1. WORLDVIEW: How do you seek or look at the world? What does the world mean to you? I look at the world as a perfect place to explore and share what we have and what we are to others. It means that I need to appreciate all the precious things that are provided to us.The world is also a place where we can show the best we can be and contribute for its development. 2. VALUES: What principles you will never sacrifice? a. Honesty b. Faith c. Justice d. Equality e. Love 3. TALENTS: What are you naturally good at? What do you naturally enjoy to do, think and learn about? a. Numerical reasoning b. Dancing c. Playing sports d. H iking e. Preaching 4. PURPOSE: What is the purpose of your life? What issue, group or sector is involved on life message? One of my major purposes in life is to help others know to the Kingdom of God.I also may sure that my family would feel how much I care and love them. I am also here to share what I have and serve others. It may not be financially but my presence to them can make a difference. With regards to being a leader, service is what matters most. 5. ISSUE: How is your life purpose related to the central issues you are facing? One of the issues I am facing now is time management. As stated above, my major purpose in life is to preach the Kingdom of God but I am working full time so I am face with the dilemma on how to achieve that goal. Most often, I lack time to do all the things I really wanted to do. Part II. STRENGTHS |WEAKNESSES | |Sociable |Tardiness | |Adept in Computer applications |Low self-esteem | |Good reading and communication skills |Doubtful about my abili ties | |Responsible |Low self confidence | |Competitive |Lack of confidence to share opinions | |Fast worker | | |Adaptable | | |Career oriented | |